Design and verification of an effective state‐of‐charge estimator for thermal energy storage

Thermal energy storage (TES) is widely used in district heating and cooling systems (DHCS) to act as a buffer between the supply demand schedules. The adequate control of charging discharging modes TES may improve overall performance DHCS and, this end, an effective regulation its state-of-charge (SoC) required. However, calculation SoC depends on availability accuracy temperature measurements. A model-based observer for water-based tanks presented. dynamic model one-dimensional stratified water tank adopted develop observer. Its effectiveness assessed through ‘model-in-the-loop’ cosimulations, with feedback system being implemented MATLAB/Simulink high-fidelity component available Apros plant model. Simulation results considering three different configurations demonstrate that accurately estimates distribution within tank, leading computation control—even case sensor failure or upon limited availability.